Revision as of 15:04, 17 June 2009

APA[edit]

The Citation Style of the American Psychological Association (APA)[edit]

Basic Rules[edit]

If one field is missing, just display the rest of the fields. A citation should always end with a dot.

Authors[edit]

if there are two authors, please connect them with ",&", e.g.: Wegener, D. T., & Petty, R. E.
if there are 3-6 authors: commas separate author names, while the last author name is preceded again by ampersand. E.g.: Kernis, M. H., Cornell, D. P., Sun, C. R., Berry, A., & Harlow, T.
give the last name and initials for all authors of a particular work unless the work has more than six authors. If the work has more than six authors, list the first six authors and then use et al. E.g.: Harris, M., Karper, E., Stacks, G., Hoffman, D., DeNiro, R., Cruz, P., et al.
if there are no authors, move title to the author position, before the date of publication.
Creator.Given.Name should be converted into initials.
these rules also apply, when creator.type = editor
Creators of type organization should be treated exactly like creators of type person (creator roles "author" and "editor" are both allowed for organizations)

Editors[edit]

if the book has creator of type editor, use the abbreviation (Ed.) or (Eds.) after the last editor's name. Please use (Ed.) for one editor and (Eds.) for more than one.
if there are no editors, move title to the author position, before the date of publication.
please note that the rules for authors also apply to editors.
Creators of type organization should be treated exactly like creators of type person (creator roles "author" and "editor" are both allowed for organizations)

Titles[edit]

Italicize titles of longer works such as books and journals.
Do not italicize, underline, or put quotes around the titles of shorter works such as journal articles or essays in edited collections.

Dates[edit]

If date published in print is filled in -> fill in the year

if no date published in print is filled in, look for dates in this order:

date published online--> fill in the year (do not render as "in press"). The doi should be added at the end of the citation, if available. If doi is not available, please use identifier of type URL, preceded by the words "Retrieved from". If doi or URL are available more than once, please only take the first value.
date accepted --> render it as: in press
date submitted --> render it as: submitted for publication
date modified --> render it as: in preparation
date created --> render it as: in preparation (Exception: if genre= manuscript --> Date created should be treated like a normal date and be visible, for manuscript the most important date is date created)
no dates are available --> render it as: (n.d.).

Please note that the date should never be the first element of the citation. E.g. if there are no authors or editors, date should come after the title, not before. Also see example for "Book with no author, no editor".

Citation of not yet published works (valid for all genres, except for manuscript, teaching (Lecture/Courseware), Talk at event, Poster, Journals or Series)[edit]

Explanation: not yet published are works, which date created, modified or accepted

Only export Creators and title.

submitted publications: Author, A. A. (submitted). Title of publication.
in preparation publications: Author, A. A. (in preparation). Title of publication.

Journal Article[edit]

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume(issue number), pages.

e.g.: Scruton, R. (1996). The eclipse of listening. The New Criterion, 15(30), 5-13.

Please note: No Editors should appear in the citation, when genre = journal article.

Books[edit]

Books with creator of type author[edit]

Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title: Alternative Title (Edition). Place of Publication: Name of Publisher.

e.g.: Calfee, R. C., & Valencia, R. R. (1991). APA guide to preparing manuscripts for journal publication(3rd ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Books with creator of type editor[edit]

Editor, A. A. (Ed.). (Year of publication). Title: Alternative Title. Place of Publication: Name of Publisher.

e.g.: Duncan, G. J., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (Eds.). (1997). Consequences of growing up poor. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

Books with creators of type author and editor[edit]

Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title: Alternative Title (A.A. Editor, Ed.). Place of Publication: Name of Publisher.

e.g.: Plath, S. (2000). The unabridged journals (K.V. Kukil, Ed.). New York: Anchor.

Books with no author, no editor[edit]

Title of publication.(Year of publication). Place of publication: Name of Publisher.

e.g. Webster's Dictionary. (1933). Washington, DC: Merriam Webster.

Books online publication[edit]

If the last date given is published online, add the DOI to the reference, if no DOI is given, add the URL with the prefix "retrieved from".

Books without a year[edit]

Kondic, N. Test APA. München: MPDL.

Creators Title. Place of publication: publisher.

If not place of publication and no publisher then simply do:

Creators Title.

Please note: for genre "book", values for Place of Publication and Name of Publisher should be taken from item details (and not from source details).

Book Chapter[edit]

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year of publication). Title of book chapter. In A. Editor & B. Editor (Eds.), Title of book: Alternative Title (Edition, Start Page-End Page). Source.Place of Publication: Source.Name of Publisher.

e.g.: O'Neil, J. M., & Egan, J. (1992). Men's and women's gender role journeys: Metaphor for healing, transition, and transformation . In B. R. Wainrib (Ed.), Gender issues across the life cycle (3rd ed., pp. 107-123). New York: Springer.

Book chapter online publication[edit]

If the last date given, is a published online, add the DOI to the reference, if no DOI is given, add the URL with the prefix 'retrieved from'

Please note: Place of Publication and Name of Publisher should be taken from Source Details.

Proceedings Paper (conference-paper)[edit]

Rule for Conference paper with source=journal[edit]

Please use citation for journal article

Rule for Conference paper with source=proceedings or book[edit]

Please use citation for book chapter.

In all other cases take citation for Book.

Thesis[edit]

Author, A.A. (Year published in print ^[1]). Title of dissertation. 'Degree Type' Thesis, Publisher, Place of Publication.

=> "Thesis" is a static element.

Examples:

Mitterer, Holger (2003). Understanding gardem bench: Studies in the perception of assimilated word forms. PhD Thesis, University of Maastricht, Maastricht.

Dingemanse, Mark (2006). The Body in Yoruba: A Linguistic Study. Master Thesis, Leiden University, Leiden.

for online thesis (only to be used if date published online is filled, if accepted or date published is filled take the above rule):

Author, A.A. (Year published online). Title ('Degree Type' Thesis, Publisher, place of publication, year published online). Retrieved from value of identifier of type URI

Example:

O'Shanessy, C. (2006). Language contact and children's bilingual acquisition: Learning a mixed language and Warlpiri in northern Australia (PhD Thesis, University of Sydney, 2006). Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1303

Issue[edit]

Editor, A. A., & Editor, B. (Eds.). (Year of Publication). Issue.Title [Special Issue]. Source.Title, Source.Volume(Number of issue).

e.g. Barlow, D.H. (Ed.). (1993). The science of classification [Special Issue]. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100(3).

Please note that [Special Issue] is a static element of the citation -it is not included in the metadata.

Suggestions for the citation of other genres[edit]

Journal[edit]

Editor, A. A., & Editor, B. (Eds.). Title of Journal. Place of Publication: Publisher.

e.g. Mann, T., & Beck, F. (Eds.). Journal of Testing Purposes. New York: Springer.

Manuscript[edit]

Author, A. A., & Author, B. (Year of Publication). Title of manuscript. Unpublished manuscript.

e.g. Smith, J. H., & Thomas, R. (1996). Thematic segmentation of psychotherapy transcripts for convergent analyses. Unpublished manuscript.

Proceedings[edit]

Use same citation as for book.

Series[edit]

Editor, A. (Ed.). Title (Vols. start volume-end volume). Place of Publication: Name of Publisher.

e.g.: Wiener, P. (Ed.). Dictionary of the history of ideas (Vols. 1-4). New York: Scribner's.

--Makarenko 09:38, 29 May 2009 (UTC): Please, note that there is no source in the submission mask for series, it means that we cannot have any volume information in citation style. The rule should be updated.

Talk at event[edit]

Author, A. A., & Author, B. (Year of Event, please take the year of the start date of event; if date of event is not filled, please use the overall rules for dates). Publication.Title. Event.Title. Event.Place. Start Date of Event - End Date of Event.

e.g. Smith, J. H., & Thomas, R. (1997). Relaxation therapy for elderly insomniacs. Symposium in insomnia. Uppsala, Sweden, 2007-03-29 - 2007-03-31.

Poster[edit]

Author (year). Title. Poster presented at the Title of Event, Place of Event. example, edoc id:http://edoc.mpg.de/398451 should read:

Van Alphen, P.M., & Van Berkum, J.J.A. (2006). About embarking dogs and gracious mice: An ERP study on the integration of embedded words. Poster presented at the Annual CUNY conference on human sentence processing, San Diego, CA.

Paper[edit]

Treat like journal article.

Report[edit]

Author, A. A., & Author, B. (Year of Publication). Report.Title (Report.Identifier). Place of Publication: Publisher.

e.g. Broadhurst, R. G., & Maller, R. A. (1991). Sex offending and recidivism (Tech. Rep. No. 3). New York: State Institute for Crime Research.

Please note: Only identifiers of type "OTHER" should be used in report citations; if no identifier of type "OTHER" is available in MD, please omit this part.

Lecture/ Courseware (Teaching)[edit]

Author, A. (Year). Title. EventTitle. University, Place of University, Start date - End date.

If start-end date of event missing in MD, the citation ends with ",.". Please remove the comma.

Conference Report[edit]

If source.genre is journal, take citation for article.

If source.genre is book or proceedings, take citation for Book Chapter.

If no source.genre exists and if source genre is other than journal, book or proceedings, take citation for Book.

Other[edit]