PubMan Func Spec Export/APA

The Citation Style of the American Psychological Association (APA)

Basic Rules

Authors:

• if there are two authors, please connect them with ",&", e.g.: Wegener, D. T., & Petty, R. E.
• if there are 3-6 authors: commas separate author names, while the last author name is preceded again by ampersand. E.g.: Kernis, M. H., Cornell, D. P., Sun, C. R., Berry, A., & Harlow, T.
• give the last name and initials for all authors of a particular work unless the work has more than six authors. If the work has more than six authors, list the first six authors and then use et al. E.g.: Harris, M., Karper, E., Stacks, G., Hoffman, D., DeNiro, R., Cruz, P., et al.

Titles:

• Capitalize all major words in journal titles.
• When referring to any work that is NOT a journal, such as a book, article, or Web page, capitalize only the first letter of the first word of a title and subtitle, the first word after a colon or a dash in the title, and proper nouns. Do not capitalize the first letter of the second word in a hyphenated compound word.
• Italicize titles of longer works such as books and journals.
• Do not italicize, underline, or put quotes around the titles of shorter works such as journal articles or essays in edited collections.

Dates: If date published in print is filled in -> fill in the year

if no date published in print is filled in, look for dates in this order:

• date published online --> render it as: in press
• date accepted --> render it as: in press
• date submitted --> render it as: submitted for publication
• date modified --> render it as: in preparation
• date created --> render it as: in preparation (Exception: if genre= manuscript --> Date created should be treated like a normal date and be visible)

Journal Article

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume (issue number), pages.

e.g.: Scruton, R. (1996). The eclipse of listening. The New Criterion, 15(30), 5-13.

Books

Books with creator of type author

Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title: Alternative Title. Place of Publication: Name of Publisher.

e.g.: Calfee, R. C., & Valencia, R. R. (1991). APA guide to preparing manuscripts for journal publication. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Books with creator of type editor

Editor, A. A. (Ed.). (Year of publication). Title: Alternative Title. Place of Publication: Name of Publisher.

e.g.: Duncan, G. J., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (Eds.). (1997). Consequences of growing up poor. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

Books with creators of type author and editor

Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title: Alternative Title (A.A. Editor, Ed.). Place of Publication: Name of Publisher.

e.g.: Plath, S. (2000). The unabridged journals (K.V. Kukil, Ed.). New York: Anchor.

Book Chapter

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year of publication). Title of book chapter. In A. Editor & B. Editor (Eds.), Title of book: Alternative Title (Start Page-End Page). Place of Publication: Name of Publisher.

e.g.: O'Neil, J. M., & Egan, J. (1992). Men's and women's gender role journeys: Metaphor for healing, transition, and transformation. In B. R. Wainrib (Ed.), Gender issues across the life cycle (pp. 107-123). New York: Springer.

Series

Editor, A. (Ed.). (Year of Publication). Title (Vols. start volume-end volume). Place of Publication: Name of Publisher.

e.g.: Wiener, P. (Ed.). (1973). Dictionary of the history of ideas (Vols. 1-4). New York: Scribner's.

Proceedings

Editor, A., & Editor, B. (Eds.). (Year of Publication). Proceedings from: Title of Event. Place of Publication: Name of Publisher.

e.g.: Schnase, J.L., & Cunnius, E.L. (Eds.). (1995). Proceedings from CSCL '95: The First International Conference on Computer Support for Collaborative Learning. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Proceedings Paper

Author, A. A., & Author, B. (Year of Publication). Title of proceedings paper. Title of proceedings, volume, startpage-endpage.

e.g.: Smith, J. H., & Thomas, R. (1985). Adults in a learning society. Proceedings of the 24th Annual Meeting of Adult Education Researchers, 24, 44-55.

Thesis

Treat like a book.

Manuscript

Author, A. A., & Author, B. (Year of Publication). Title of manuscript. Unpublished manuscript.

e.g. Smith, J. H., & Thomas, R. (1996). Thematic segmentation of psychotherapy transcripts for convergent analyses. Unpublished manuscript.

American Psychological Association

Dublin Core